Data by FlowMetric All flow cytometry experiments begin with similar basic set up protocols to assure that the equipment is functioning properly and that samples can be measured accurately. Using a flow cytometry gating strategy is an essential step during this set up phase as it assures that the correct cell populations are being measured. Here are factors to consider as you determine how you want to establish your flow cytometry gating strategy for your next experiment.

Flow cytometry assays are important for preclinical and clinical research, however, it is vital to understand the level of compliance required for the stage of research you are completing.  Flow Cytometry assays completed for toxicology and safety assessments are required to be in compliance of Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), on the other hand, basic research or discovery/exploratory studies can be non-GLP.  GLP refers to a set of standards for laboratory studies to be planned, performed, monitored, reported, and archived. Preclinical and clinical studies must be GLP-compliant in order to be submitted for review by regulatory agencies like the FDA. Consider these three points if you find yourself in need of a GLP-compliant flow cytometry assay. 

There is no question that the discovery of vaccines spearheaded the path of modern medicine and in so doing, eradicated at least two diseases, smallpox, and rinderpest from the global population. Today’s modern vaccines are being developed not only to tackle infectious diseases but also for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases and cancers. Whereas vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer are designed to provoke a specific Th 1-driven immune response to target and reject the tumor or pathogen, vaccines driving Th 2 responses appear to be the best at targeting autoimmune diseases. Understanding the driving factors behind these underlying responses is central to the development of safe and effective vaccines, and flow cytometry provides unprecedented clarity on how the immune system responds to different vaccine strategies. 

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is transforming patient-specific cancer treatment, even for the most challenging forms of cancer. CAR T cells are made by isolating a patient’s T cells from the blood and engineering them in the lab so that they can specifically fight the patient’s cancer. This custom-made biologic is both time and labor-intensive and extremely costly, but it is also an extremely effective form of treatment.

Receptor occupancy (RO) assays are a powerful tool for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluations of candidate drugs and biologics. RO assays can also be used toward dose selection for candidate molecules being evaluated in clinical trials. Flow cytometry-based RO assays are currently being used in many sectors of biopharmaceutical drug development. Consider these five things to know about RO assays if you are planning to use this type of assay in your preclinical research.

The term 'Dendritic Cells' (DCs) represents a family of immune cells derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, with various functions that provide a key link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The most widely described function of DCs is to capture, process, and present antigens to adaptive immune cells and mediate their transition to effector functions. In fact, DCs are the only antigen-presenting cells capable of stimulating naïve T-cells. In recent years, DCs have become the focus of translational research efforts to describe the role these cells play in allergies, autoimmunity, and cancer as well as their role in vaccine responses. In this blog, we explore the flow cytometry approaches used to examine DCs and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Phosphoflow cytometry assays are becoming a valuable tool for researchers developing immuno-oncology applications because data from these assays can provide critical mechanistic insights. Phosphoflow assays measure phosphorylated proteins in cells, which is a critical readout for cell signaling responses. Check out these five facts about phosphoflow cytometry and consider adding this tool to your cytometry toolbox.

With the rapid progress of immune-modulating drug development, flow cytometry has found itself increasingly at the forefront of clinical trial assessment of safety and efficacy. This is not without challenges since flow cytometry analysis can be complicated and expensive, too often employs idiosyncratic experimental and analytical methods. So how can a platform without standardized methods and processes, be successfully applied to evaluate clinical endpoints?

Flow cytometry is an appealing technique because it enables users to analyze multiple cell types in a single experiment. In the early days of flow cytometry, when cytometers had one or two lasers, and only a limited number of fluorescent probes existed, complex staining panels may have had only four colors. 

With the rapid progress of immune-monitoring drug development, flow cytometry has found itself increasingly at the forefront of clinical trial assessment of safety and efficacy. This is not without challenges since flow cytometry analysis can be complicated and expensive, too often employs idiosyncratic experimental and analytical methods. So how can a platform without standardized methods and processes, be successfully applied to evaluate clinical endpoints? Several novel approaches to instrument calibration and experimental design are now helping to establish the harmonization of flow cytometry across multiple clinical labs. In this blog, we explore the importance of flow cytometry instrument setup and maintenance when analyzing samples from clinical trials.

What is the primary role of Natural Killer (NK) cells? Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant innate immune cells that mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, and therefore possess good clinical utilization (Abel et al. 2018). Natural killer cells comprise 10–15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and classically display a half-life of approximately 7–10 days in the circulation (Moretta et al. 2000).

Due to its ability to analyze multiple parameters across different cell types within a sample, flow cytometry can provide very rich and clinically valuable data sets from even small volumes of blood. However, flow cytometry is a challenging platform to master, and requires significant investment into equipment and technical training. So, for many researchers, outsourcing flow cytometry to a Contract Research Organization (CROs) is both cost-effective and the best way to ensure the highest quality of data from their samples. So, what types of flow cytometry applications are the most outsourced to CROs?