Immunogenicity refers to the ability of a substance, such as an antigen or a vaccine, to provoke an immune response in an organism. The recognition of the substance as foreign triggers an immune response, which involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells to fight against or…

KCAS is a rapidly growing industry leader that continues to increase its vast knowledge surrounding assay transfers not only internally but externally as well.  As KCAS expands as a global leader in the bioanalytical space we have taken our knowledge surrounding internal assay transfers and extended that knowledge to external…

Ligand binding assays (LBAs) have been our core activity for decades. LBAs are commonly used to measure interactions between two proteins, a ligand and its receptor, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and its target, or biologics and Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA). Throughout the development of New…

Biologics are drugs derived from complex molecules like antibodies. Over the last two decades they have re-emerged as…

Clinical research carries significant risks and numerous obstacles that must be overcome to achieve success. Identifying the ideal Contract…

ICH M10 (International Committee of Harmonization Multidisciplinary guideline) provides guidance on bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis for the measurement of chemical and biological human drugs and their metabolites in biological samples. Such pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic data serve as the basis for regulatory decisions on the safety, dosage, and…

Cell and Gene Therapies (CGTs) has an estimated market size value in 2022 of USD 8.22 billion and a revenue forecast in 2030 of USD 24.5 billion. This is a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 14.6% from 2022 to 2030. Needless to say, the…

With the extensive advances in technologies like CRISPR and CAR-T, cell and gene therapy has grown to become a viable way for treating Cancer as well as other diseases. Our team has over 100+ years of collective expertise in molecular services using qPCR and ddPCR for support of…

Flow Cytometry utilizes fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific biomarkers on the surface and within cells, and over the past few years, there has been a surge in reagents available for flow cytometry applications. Most of these have been developed using monoclonal antibodies raised in mice and conjugated to a range of fluorophores. However, there are still instances where suitable monoclonal antibody reagents/conjugates are not commercially available, and small-scale conjugations are not practical. In these instances, so-called indirect staining may be employed, where the binding of an unconjugated primary antibody is detected using a secondary anti-IgG antibody conjugate.

There is no question that the discovery of vaccines spearheaded the path of modern medicine and in so doing, eradicated at least two diseases, smallpox, and rinderpest from the global population. Today’s modern vaccines are being developed not only to tackle infectious diseases but also for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases and cancers. Whereas vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer are designed to provoke a specific Th 1-driven immune response to target and reject the tumor or pathogen, vaccines driving Th 2 responses appear to be the best at targeting autoimmune diseases. Understanding the driving factors behind these underlying responses is central to the development of safe and effective vaccines, and flow cytometry provides unprecedented clarity on how the immune system responds to different vaccine strategies.