Ligand binding assays (LBAs) have been our core activity for decades. LBAs are commonly used to measure interactions between two proteins, a ligand and its receptor, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and its target, or biologics and Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA). Throughout the development of New…

Biologics are drugs derived from complex molecules like antibodies. Over the last two decades they have re-emerged as…

In recent years, immunology…

Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions worldwide. Fifty million people are living with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias. Although Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most recognized, it is just one of many neurological disorders, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s, or Huntington’s disease. These conditions lead to a…

In 2022 we had 42 FDA Drug Approvals and 3 were Gene Therapies using a viral vector.  2 of the approvals in 2022 were AAV based.  The third is manufactured by adding functional copies of the transgene to the patient’s own Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)…

Dose Formulation Analysis is an essential step in regulated nonclinical studies. Robust analytical methods, rapid turnaround, and efficient communication helps deliver your GLP studies’ dose formulation analysis results on time…

Immunotherapy research is a rapidly expanding field with a pipeline of monoclonal antibodies in development to treat a range of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The mechanism of action (MOA) used by an antibody to mediate a therapeutic response must be fully defined to enable a candidate antibody to advance down the preclinical development pipeline. It is also required for all antibodies used in clinical research and regulatory IND filings in order to optimize dosing and assess the risk of detrimental side effects.

Introduction of CAR-T Therapy T lymphocytes are engineered with synthetic receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) in CAR-T Cell therapy. The CAR-T cell is an effector T cell that recognizes and eliminates specific cancer cells, independent of major histocompatibility complex molecules. (Zhai et al. 2018). Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) cells have recombinant receptor constructs expressed in T cells to target cells expressing specific antigens.

Flow Cytometry utilizes fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific biomarkers on the surface and within cells, and over the past few years, there has been a surge in reagents available for flow cytometry applications. Most of these have been developed using monoclonal antibodies raised in mice and conjugated to a range of fluorophores. However, there are still instances where suitable monoclonal antibody reagents/conjugates are not commercially available, and small-scale conjugations are not practical. In these instances, so-called indirect staining may be employed, where the binding of an unconjugated primary antibody is detected using a secondary anti-IgG antibody conjugate.

What is the primary role of Natural Killer (NK) cells? Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant innate immune cells that mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, and therefore possess good clinical utilization (Abel et al. 2018). Natural killer cells comprise 10–15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and classically display a half-life of approximately 7–10 days in the circulation (Moretta et al. 2000).

Due to its ability to analyze multiple parameters across different cell types within a sample, flow cytometry can provide very rich and clinically valuable data sets from even small volumes of blood. However, flow cytometry is a challenging platform to master, and requires significant investment into equipment and technical training. So, for many researchers, outsourcing flow cytometry to a Contract Research Organization (CROs) is both cost-effective and the best way to ensure the highest quality of data from their samples. So, what types of flow cytometry applications are the most outsourced to CROs?

Although bioanalysis is KCAS’ principal area of expertise, we are always considering how we can build around those capabilities to ensure that we can provide optimal service for our clients. Our current breadth of service enables us to provide a comprehensive approach during non-GLP pre-clinical studies where it is feasible…